what is carotid stenosis ?

Carotid artery disease is a form of disease that affects the vessels leading to the head and brain (cerebrovascular disease). This blood supply is delivered to the brain by the 2 large carotid arteries in the front of your neck and by 2 smaller vertebral arteries at the back of your neck. The right and left vertebral arteries come together at the

base of the brain to form what is called the basilar artery. A stroke most often occurs when the carotid arteries become blocked and the brain does not get enough oxygen.

 

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There are three types of recurrent carotid stenosis:

1- Myointimal hyperplasia

2- Recurrent atherosclerotic lesion and ;

3- Residual plaque left from the primary operation

Carotid artery disease increases the risk of stroke in 3 ways: 

• By fatty deposits called plaque severely narrowing the carotid arteries. 
   
• By a blood clot becoming wedged in a carotid artery narrowed by plaque.
   
• By plaque breaking off from the carotid arteries and blocking a smaller artery in the brain (cerebral artery).